ซากปรักหักพังเอเฟซัส - กระทิงเมืองหลวง
Image ID
jcgps0046
Description
Weathered bull-head capitals rise above a reconstructed stone wall among the ancient ruins of Ephesus in Turkey. The carved volutes, fluted details, and animal forms preserve the grandeur of the city’s classical architecture, a fitting visual witness to one of the most important urban centers of the New Testament world. Ephesus was the setting of Paul’s extended ministry, the uproar surrounding the worship of Artemis, and the later message to the church in Revelation. These surviving stones connect biblical history with the material culture of a city where the gospel confronted imperial wealth, civic pride, and pagan devotion.
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